最近提出的一类模型试图使用哈密顿力学所通知的前沿，从高维观察中学习潜在动态的潜在动态。虽然这些模型在机器人或自主驾驶等领域具有重要潜在应用，但目前没有好方法来评估它们的性能：现有方法主要依赖于图像重建质量，这并不总是反映学习潜在动态的质量。在这项工作中，我们经验突出了现有措施的问题，并制定了一套新措施，包括依赖母亲哈密顿动态的二进制指标，我们称之为符号度量或次称。我们的措施利用了汉密尔顿动态的已知属性，并且更符合模型捕获潜在动态的能力而不是重建误差。使用Symetric，我们识别一组架构选择，可以显着提高先前提出的模型的性能，用于从像素，Hamiltonian生成网络（HGN）从像素推断潜在动态。与原始HGN不同，新的HGN ++能够在某些数据集中发现具有物理有意义的潜伏的可解释的相位空间。此外，它在不同范围的13个数据集上的卷展栏上是稳定的，在一个不同的13个数据集上产生基本上无限长度的卷展栏，在数据集的子集上没有质量下降。
translated by 谷歌翻译
学习动态是机器学习（ML）的许多重要应用的核心，例如机器人和自主驾驶。在这些设置中，ML算法通常需要推理使用高维观察的物理系统，例如图像，而不访问底层状态。最近，已经提出了几种方法将从经典机制的前沿集成到ML模型中，以解决图像的物理推理的挑战。在这项工作中，我们清醒了这些模型的当前功能。为此，我们介绍一套由17个数据集组成的套件，该数据集基于具有呈现各种动态的物理系统的视觉观测。我们对几种强大的基线进行了彻底的和详细比较了物理启发方法的主要类别。虽然包含物理前沿的模型通常可以学习具有所需特性的潜在空间，但我们的结果表明这些方法无法显着提高标准技术。尽管如此，我们发现使用连续和时间可逆动力学的使用效益所有课程的模型。
translated by 谷歌翻译
This short report reviews the current state of the research and methodology on theoretical and practical aspects of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). It was prepared to gather state-of-the-art knowledge needed to construct complex, hypercomplex and fuzzy neural networks. The report reflects the individual interests of the authors and, by now means, cannot be treated as a comprehensive review of the ANN discipline. Considering the fast development of this field, it is currently impossible to do a detailed review of a considerable number of pages. The report is an outcome of the Project 'The Strategic Research Partnership for the mathematical aspects of complex, hypercomplex and fuzzy neural networks' meeting at the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland, organized in September 2022.
translated by 谷歌翻译
Current image generation models struggle to reliably produce well-formed visual text. In this paper, we investigate a key contributing factor: popular text-to-image models lack character-level input features, making it much harder to predict a word's visual makeup as a series of glyphs. To quantify the extent of this effect, we conduct a series of controlled experiments comparing character-aware vs. character-blind text encoders. In the text-only domain, we find that character-aware models provide large gains on a novel spelling task (WikiSpell). Transferring these learnings onto the visual domain, we train a suite of image generation models, and show that character-aware variants outperform their character-blind counterparts across a range of novel text rendering tasks (our DrawText benchmark). Our models set a much higher state-of-the-art on visual spelling, with 30+ point accuracy gains over competitors on rare words, despite training on far fewer examples.
translated by 谷歌翻译
Time-of-flight (ToF) distance measurement devices such as ultrasonics, LiDAR and radar are widely used in autonomous vehicles for environmental perception, navigation and assisted braking control. Despite their relative importance in making safer driving decisions, these devices are vulnerable to multiple attack types including spoofing, triggering and false data injection. When these attacks are successful they can compromise the security of autonomous vehicles leading to severe consequences for the driver, nearby vehicles and pedestrians. To handle these attacks and protect the measurement devices, we propose a spatial-temporal anomaly detection model \textit{STAnDS} which incorporates a residual error spatial detector, with a time-based expected change detection. This approach is evaluated using a simulated quantitative environment and the results show that \textit{STAnDS} is effective at detecting multiple attack types.
translated by 谷歌翻译
We apply topological data analysis (TDA) to speech classification problems and to the introspection of a pretrained speech model, HuBERT. To this end, we introduce a number of topological and algebraic features derived from Transformer attention maps and embeddings. We show that a simple linear classifier built on top of such features outperforms a fine-tuned classification head. In particular, we achieve an improvement of about $9\%$ accuracy and $5\%$ ERR on four common datasets; on CREMA-D, the proposed feature set reaches a new state of the art performance with accuracy $80.155$. We also show that topological features are able to reveal functional roles of speech Transformer heads; e.g., we find the heads capable to distinguish between pairs of sample sources (natural/synthetic) or voices without any downstream fine-tuning. Our results demonstrate that TDA is a promising new approach for speech analysis, especially for tasks that require structural prediction.
translated by 谷歌翻译
Recent work has demonstrated that natural language processing techniques can support consumer protection by automatically detecting unfair clauses in the Terms of Service (ToS) Agreement. This work demonstrates that transformer-based ToS analysis systems are vulnerable to adversarial attacks. We conduct experiments attacking an unfair-clause detector with universal adversarial triggers. Experiments show that a minor perturbation of the text can considerably reduce the detection performance. Moreover, to measure the detectability of the triggers, we conduct a detailed human evaluation study by collecting both answer accuracy and response time from the participants. The results show that the naturalness of the triggers remains key to tricking readers.
translated by 谷歌翻译
Large language models (LLMs) have been shown to be able to perform new tasks based on a few demonstrations or natural language instructions. While these capabilities have led to widespread adoption, most LLMs are developed by resource-rich organizations and are frequently kept from the public. As a step towards democratizing this powerful technology, we present BLOOM, a 176B-parameter open-access language model designed and built thanks to a collaboration of hundreds of researchers. BLOOM is a decoder-only Transformer language model that was trained on the ROOTS corpus, a dataset comprising hundreds of sources in 46 natural and 13 programming languages (59 in total). We find that BLOOM achieves competitive performance on a wide variety of benchmarks, with stronger results after undergoing multitask prompted finetuning. To facilitate future research and applications using LLMs, we publicly release our models and code under the Responsible AI License.
translated by 谷歌翻译
Federated Learning (FL) enables the training of Deep Learning models without centrally collecting possibly sensitive raw data. This paves the way for stronger privacy guarantees when building predictive models. The most used algorithms for FL are parameter-averaging based schemes (e.g., Federated Averaging) that, however, have well known limits: (i) Clients must implement the same model architecture; (ii) Transmitting model weights and model updates implies high communication cost, which scales up with the number of model parameters; (iii) In presence of non-IID data distributions, parameter-averaging aggregation schemes perform poorly due to client model drifts. Federated adaptations of regular Knowledge Distillation (KD) can solve and/or mitigate the weaknesses of parameter-averaging FL algorithms while possibly introducing other trade-offs. In this article, we provide a review of KD-based algorithms tailored for specific FL issues.
translated by 谷歌翻译
Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a condition in infants where the femoral head is incorrectly located in the hip joint. We propose a deep learning algorithm for segmenting key structures within ultrasound images, employing this to calculate Femoral Head Coverage (FHC) and provide a screening diagnosis for DDH. To our knowledge, this is the first study to automate FHC calculation for DDH screening. Our algorithm outperforms the international state of the art, agreeing with expert clinicians on 89.8% of our test images.
translated by 谷歌翻译